Prices belong to a market
US observations use USD and a selected US billing country. UK observations use GBP and a selected UK billing country. A provider's fallback currency or a converted Dutch price is not accepted as a local price.
We do not invent the final tax
We check the UK checkout invoice and VAT together. An ambiguous amount is not automatically increased by 20%.
Subscription costs are full payments
We show the first payment, initial months, bonus months and renewal separately. A monthly equivalent is not a monthly billing promise. Unknown renewals stay unknown.
Facts have their own sources
Jurisdiction, device limits, protocols and privacy evidence are maintained separately from prices. Their source check dates are not changed when a price is refreshed.
Freshness and failures
Local source checks run every six hours. A failed attempt can retain the last valid observation until it is 72 hours old. Future-dated, expired and wrong-market records are rejected.
Commercial independence
Commission is not a ranking input. We include providers without affiliate programmes. A confirmed initial cost is not a complete recommendation or a test of VPN speed.